DEMENTIA

An acquired global impairment of intellect, memory and personality in the presence of normal consciousness and perception

Common causes

• Alzheimer’s disease (c. 60%)
• Vascular (multi-infarct) dementia (10-20%)
• Lewy body disease (c. 20%)

Differential diagnosis includes acute confusion and depression. Investigations need to exclude any treatable causes. All patients need referral for specialist assessment and management. Medication is not curative, but may slow progress of the disease. Dementia is progressive, and carers will need support.