MENOPAUSEThe cessation of menses – the last menstrual period. In the UK menopause occurs generally at 51–52 years, following primary ovarian failure. A marker of the latter is increased production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH). Menopause is diagnosed after 12 months of spontaneous amenorrhoea in women ≥50 years, after 24 months in women <50 years. In either case, hormones may need to be checked before contraception is stopped. Urgent referral is recommended for women with:
NICE NG12. Suspected cancer: recognition and referral; 2015 (updated 2021) https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng12 Postmenopausal women are at increased risk of CVD, breast cancer and osteoporosis. Symptoms, if present, are caused by reduced oestrogen levels and may be:
Symptom management Menopausal symptoms may last for 2–5 years or for many years.
NICE CKS. Menopause; 2020 https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/menopause/ Patient. Hormone Replacement Therapy including risks and benefits. Professional reference; 2018. https://patient.info/doctor/hormone-replacement-therapy-including-benefits-and-risks British Menopause Society Information for health professionals. https://www.thebms.org.uk Practice Nurse featured article Managing the menopause Katherine Hunt Focus on women's health: The menopause Beverley Bostock-Cox
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